1. Armenian Genocide (Ottoman Empire, 1915–1917)
Location: Ottoman Empire (modern-day Turkey, Syria, Iraq)
Victims: ~1–1.5 million Armenians (Christian, mostly Armenian Apostolic)
Details: Systematic mass killings, forced marches, starvation, and deportation during World War I. Armenian population was targeted for ethnicity and Christian identity.
2. Assyrian and Chaldean Genocide (Ottoman Empire, 1914–1920)
Location: Ottoman Empire and Persia (modern Iraq, Iran, Turkey)
Victims: 250,000–500,000 Assyrian Christians (Assyrian Church of the East, Chaldean Catholics, Syriac Orthodox)
Details: Massacres, forced marches, and famine coordinated with the Armenian Genocide, targeting Christian minorities.
3. Greek Genocide / Pontic Greek Genocide (Ottoman Empire, 1914–1922)
Location: Pontus region and Western Anatolia
Victims: 350,000–500,000 Ottoman Greeks (Eastern Orthodox Christians)
Details: Mass killings, death marches, and deportations; part of broader ethnic cleansing of Christian populations during and after World War I.
4. Massacres of Christians during the Congo Free State (Belgian Congo, 1885–1908)
Victims: Tens of thousands of indigenous Congolese converted to Christianity were killed, along with general population, during forced labor campaigns.
Details: While not exclusively for faith, Christian converts were sometimes targeted as symbols of resistance or foreign influence.
5. Persecution of Christians under the Soviet Union (1917–1950s)
Location: USSR
Victims: Millions of Orthodox, Catholic, and Protestant Christians killed, imprisoned, or exiled
Details: Anti-religious campaigns, destruction of churches, execution of clergy, targeting Christian institutions as “counter-revolutionary.”
6. Christian Victims in the Rwandan Genocide (1994)
Location: Rwanda
Victims: Thousands of Tutsi Christians killed by Hutu extremists (estimates vary, 500,000–800,000 total killed)
Details: While the genocide was ethnic, Christian identity sometimes exacerbated targeting (e.g., Tutsi Christians killed in churches).
7. Iraqi Christians (Assyrians, Chaldeans) during the Iraq War and ISIL attacks (2003–2017)
Location: Iraq and Syria
Victims: Tens of thousands displaced or killed; villages destroyed
Details: ISIL specifically targeted Christian populations for execution, slavery, or forced conversion; churches destroyed.
8. Syrian Christians during the Syrian Civil War (2011–present)
Location: Syria
Victims: Tens of thousands of Christians killed or displaced
Details: ISIS and other extremist groups targeted Christians in Raqqa, Aleppo, Homs, and surrounding areas; mass killings, forced conversion, and looting of churches.
9. Nigerian Christians (Boko Haram insurgency, 2009–present)
Location: Northern Nigeria
Victims: 20,000+ Christians killed, hundreds of thousands displaced
Details: Boko Haram and affiliated groups attack villages, churches, and schools, executing Christians specifically because of faith.
10. Central African Republic (2013–present)
Location: Central African Republic
Victims: Thousands of Christians killed in sectarian violence by Muslim rebel groups; hundreds of thousands displaced.
11. Egyptian Christians (Coptic persecution, 2010s–present)
Location: Egypt
Victims: Thousands killed or injured in church bombings, mob attacks, and targeted violence.
Details: Islamist extremist groups like ISIS have targeted Copts, particularly in Sinai and Upper Egypt.
12.Kandhamal Violence (2007–2008)
Location: Kandhamal District, Odisha State, India
Timeline: Violence erupted in late 2007 and escalated in August 2008.
Trigger: The murder of a Hindu leader, Swami Laxmanananda Saraswati, was falsely attributed to Christians, leading to widespread attacks.
Impact: Over 100 Christians were killed, and more than 600 Christian villages and nearly 400 churches were destroyed.
Perpetrators: Hindu nationalist groups, with allegations of state complicity.
Recognition: The violence has been described by some human rights organizations as genocidal in nature.
13.Manipur Conflict (2023–Present)
Location: Manipur State, Northeastern India
Timeline: Violence began in May 2023 and has continued intermittently.
Trigger: Disputes over economic benefits and quotas between the Meitei (predominantly Hindu) and Kuki-Zo (predominantly Christian) communities.
Impact: Approximately 260 deaths and over 60,000 people displaced.
Perpetrators: Ethnic militias and armed groups from both communities.
Recognition: Some observers have labeled the violence as a form of “cultural genocide” against the Kuki-Zo Christians.